The thing is, the higher sample rate data doesn't actually have a lot of the higher components after 20 kHz.
What the faster sample rate allows is to use a less aggressive filter.
Instead of a "brick wall" filter that rapidly cuts off after around 20 kHz, one with fewer poles can be used which rolls off more gently.
The higher sample rate ensures that there isn't any aliasing.
192 kHz audio does not reproduce flat up to 90 kHz.
(I'm going to gloss over the microphone used on the trumpet, or the loudspeakers which ultimately reproduce it.)
The thing is, the higher sample rate data doesn't actually have a lot of the higher components after 20 kHz.
What the faster sample rate allows is to use a less aggressive filter.
Instead of a "brick wall" filter that rapidly cuts off after around 20 kHz, one with fewer poles can be used which rolls off more gently.
The higher sample rate ensures that there isn't any aliasing.
192 kHz audio does not reproduce flat up to 90 kHz.
(I'm going to gloss over the microphone used on the trumpet, or the loudspeakers which ultimately reproduce it.)